LI-ION MOTORS CORP. UNVEILS WORLD’S best an all ELECTRIC SUPERCAR - “THE INIZIO”

(I-Newswire) May 24, 2010 - Li-ion Motors Corp. (OTCBB:LMCO) www.Li-ionMotors.com manufactures emission free electric vehicle using lithium-ion batteries technology. The company will reveal its super electric car Inizio to the media and to shareholders and the public at an open house on September 15, 2010.
The Inizio is a world class an all electric super car. This super car will be manufactured in North Carolina where the company has 40,000 foot facility. With the heavy production in this electric super car; LMCO and its associated people can now think of great revenues.
This super car runs at a speed of 170 miles per hour or 272 kilometer per hour with an acceleration of 0 to 60 miles or 0 to 96 kilometers in just 3.4 seconds. LMCO’s electric car uses an advanced lithium ion battery technology. This lithium–ion battery ranges 250miles or 400miles per charge. LMCO says that with excellent power the car has a bigger cockpit than other cars for the comfort of taller customers. Li-ion Motors electric car is designed very beautifully and has a multifunction power seats that include both heating and cooling. With this LMCO offers removable hardtop stores in the car and can be raised or lowered for the ease of entrance and exit. The car is easy in handling steep curbs and driveways. All the body parts of the car designed such that it offers better quality, lighter and stronger parts.

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New Lithium Battery and Management System Doubles Range of ZAP Electric Cars

SANTA ROSA, Calif., May 18, 2010 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Electric vehicle pioneer ZAP(ZAAP 0.38, -0.01, -2.56%) has begun shipping lithium battery systems for various models of its electric cars, trucks, vans and scooters, offering at least four times the life of standard lead-acid batteries and twice the driving range. The new battery system is the first turnkey, drop-in replacement battery system that fits in the same space as the G-31 lead acid batteries used in many of ZAP's vehicles, equipped with a BMS (battery management system) that increases reliability and extends range.

The lightweight lithium battery system is used in the ZAP Alias, allowing it to drive up to 100 miles on a single charge. In China, ZAP's new fleet vehicles use a similar system for its electric taxis and corporate vehicles based on the Jonway A380 SUV. A sub-chassis array of more than 100 battery cells is networked with an electronic monitoring system, ensuring that temperature and voltage of each cell are in balance and that electricity is automatically rerouted should any of the cell voltages change.

read the article @ http://www.evhub.in/news/14

AM General to assemble Ford’s electric vehicle in Livonia

AM General L.L.C.
will assemble
Ford Motor Co.’s all electric Transit Connect commercial vehicle at its engineering and product development center in Livonia.
Oak Park-based
Azure Dynamics Corp.is designing and manufacturing the lithium ion battery-powered electric powertrain system and
Johnson Controls Inc.is supplying the battery packs and cells for the powertrain.

Read the news here - http://www.evhub.in/news/15

Are Lithium Air Batteries the Future of Electric Vehicles?

Researchers at Argonne Labs are in the early stages of developing lithium air batteries, which according to some scientists, could be as much as 100 times more powerful than current electric vehicle battery packs.

With the first wave of plug-in cars set to hit the market later this year, there is still uncertainty as to whether consumers will balk at price tag and range limitations of early-model electric vehicles. Both of these drawbacks can be traced to the shortcomings of the current generation of lithium ion batteries, which have made huge strides in the last decade but are still perceived to not meet the needs of some drivers.

But what if lithium batteries could be lighter, cheaper and at least five times more powerful than those that will power cars like the Chevy Volt,Mitsubishi i-MiEV, or Nissan Leaf?

Go to http://www.evhub.in/news/13 for this article 

Nissan says Leaf electric car to cost under $38,100

LONDON, May 17 (Reuters) - Nissan (7201.T), Japan's third-biggest carmaker, said on Monday its Leaf electric car would cost under 30,000 euros ($38,110) in most European countries after incentives offered by governments to push the new technology.
Nissan Motor Co and French alliance partner Renault (RENA.PA) are investing over 4 billion euros in electric vehicles and see them accounting for 10 percent of new car sales by 2020, an ambitious forecast compared with those of other carmakers and analysts. [ID:nLDE63R29H] Electric vehicles are expected to account for 4.5 percent of the total 100 million strong light vehicle market by 2020, according to a recent report by HSBC analysts.

News @ http://www.evhub.in/news/12

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Paper_on_PM_motor_by_Ashish_D

Permanent Magnet Motors Introduction and Trends

 

Introduction of Author:

Ashish Deshpande has been working in the domain of electrical motor design and air conditioning for last 11years. His area of interest is Interior Permanent Magnet motor design and development.  He is continuing his master degree from Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune. This article is related to his dissertation work which is guided by Prof.Mrs. S.S. More. His dissertation topic is Design of Permanent Magnet Motor (PMSM) for Air Conditioning Compressor by Optimum Utilization of Induction Motor Manufacturing Set Up. You can contact him on ashishonmail@rediffmail.com 

 

 

Induction motor is preferred choice of manufacturer and customer primarily due its robustness, easy manufacturing, and low maintenance. But is this the most efficient motor? Answer is obviously no. Efficiency is function of losses, so let us revisit the Induction Motor losses as shown in figure1. Now if compare these losses with permanent magnet (PM) motor, we would notice that there is rotor copper loss which is almost 15 to 20% of overall losses.

As these losses goes down the cooling requirement of motor can be     reduced.

 

Figure1 : Losses Comparison of IM and PMSM

 

PM motor offers following benefits over Induction Motor,

· No rotor copper losses

· Cooling of the motor only for the stator copper and iron loses, cooling requirements goes down

· Different size/ volume and arrangements of magnets on the rotor will lead variety of desired characteristics.

· Higher efficiency because of fewer losses.

· Compact high density magnets can reduce the overall size of motor

 

The indicative comparison of various parameters is covered in Conclusion.

 

If we compare various motor technologies as against design, performance and manufacturing parameters, following table helps to select the appropriate technology. The scale between Excellent and Positive is larger to magnify the difference in various technologies.

 

Excellent: 10

Positive: 3

Weak: 1

 

Table 1: Motor Technology Comparison

Parameters	IM	PMSM	BLDC	Variable SRM
Efficiency	3	10	10	3
Noise (low)	3	10	3	10
Converter Complexity	1	1	3	1
Power Density	1	10	10	3
Power Factor	3	10	10	3
Torque Ripple Low Speed	1	10	3	1
Starting	3	3	3	3
Manufacturing	3	3	3	1
Total Score	18	57	45	25

IM: Induction Motor

PMSM: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (or BLAC)

BLDC: Brushless DC (Uses Permanent magnet)

SRM: Switched Reluctance Motor

 

Above comparison clearly shows that PMSM will be the future technology.

 

What is Difference between PMSM and BLDC motor?

There is confusion or misconception about Brushless DC and Permanent Magnet AC. Many people think that BLDC (Brushless DC Motor) is permanent magnet motor. But there are two separate technologies available, BLDC and BLAC (Brushless AC Motor). BLAC motor is nothing but PMSM.

 

The significant difference in operation of these two motors is the stator winding design and in turn back EMF generated.

Following are several terms interchangeably used in BLDC and BLAC literature.

· BLDC: Square wave motor, Trapezoidal wave motor

· BLAC: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), Sinwave motor

 

The BLDC needs separate manufacturing set up for stator to develop BLDC motor for Induction Motor manufacturer. Whereas the BLAC (PMSM) motor can utilize the existing induction stator set up including winding machines.

Figure 2 shows the winding distribution for BLDC and BLAC.

BLAC (or  PMSM) stator is similar to Induction motor stator and uses distributed winding. Whereas BLDC motor uses concentrated winding unlike Induction Motor. So BLAC stator can easily built on Induction motor manufacturing set up, but for BLDC motor new manufacturing set up is required. 

 

Figure 2: BLDC and BLAC (PMSM) Stator Winding

 

In case of BLDC motor, the winding is energized in normally 60 electrical degrees. This generates pulsation in torque. So BLDC motors are prone to vibrate more and needs attention if the application is sensitive to sound and vibration. The advantage of BLDC motor is simple construction and less expensive controller. BLDC stator can be easily build on DC motor manufacturing set up. In case of PMSM there are very less torque pulsation and sound quality and vibration are at par with BLDC and IM. But PMSM need complex field oriented controller and start up algorithm making it bit expensive than BLDC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depending winding type, rotor mounting method, back EMF waveform,

Permanent Magnet motor can be classified as shown in figure 3,

 

 

 

Figure 3: Classification of Permanent magnet motor

 

Both BLDC and BLAC have got the permanent magnet on rotor, various rotor configurations are available depending on magnet mounting on rotor. Two major rotor configurations as shown below (figure 4),

 

Figure 4: Permanent magnet rotor configuration

BLAC (PMSM) with Buried Magnet or interior magnet rotor is most popular configuration to replace Induction Motor. The Interior magnet rotor makes motor to operate in field weakening region or above base speed as shown in figure 5.

 

  

Figure 5: Operation Range of IPM motor

 

Spoke type or C type interior designs are manufacturing friendly.

Sensors are used for sensing rotor position to drive current in stator winding.  Resolvers, Hall sensors, optical encoders are few of the sensors available with these motors. Following figure 6 shows the typical BLDC motor block diagram.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 6: Block Diagram of Typical BLDC Motor with Sensor. 

 

In certain applications sensors can not be used, like hermetic motor for air conditioning compressor. So there are sensorless PMSM motors which estimate the rotor position and voltages from mathematical model of motor. There is ready made solution from IC manufacturers for PMSM. In India also there are few IC companies who offer this technology from there counterparts in US or Japan.

 

 

 

Trends in Motor and Drives Technology

Following figure shows the overall technology trend in motor-drive segment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 7: Motor and Drives Technology Trend

 

With the development of MOSFET and IGBT switches, the power electronics

widened the applications for high current and voltage applications. Especially

Inverters technology developed rapidly and now most efficient and sophisticated

Space Vector PWM technique is available.

 

In case of motor technology, Induction motor posed lot of challenges to new

technologies due to its simplicity, low maintenance and cost. For next couple of years Induction motor may be back bone for most of the electromechanical energy conversion applications. But with energy crisis the need of efficient technology is posing great threat to Induction Motor. PM motor is primarily developed from demanding energy efficiency requirements. Also BLAC (PMSM) is widely accepted technology for Hybrid Electric Vehicles, so the development and research is on rampage. Following is electric machine technology trend.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 8: Motor Technology Trend

Conclusion:

 

As Interior Permanent magnet (IPM) rotor configuration allow the field weakening operation, it is considered to be Induction Motor replacement. Also IPM offers better protection against demagnetization of magnets due to stator magnetic field. It provided barriers to stator flux and avoid demagnetization. So IPM is proffered configuration.

 

Surface mount PM rotor configurations is suitable where field weakening is not required and motor runs at constant speed. The magnets are glued over the rotor surface, hence there is restriction on rpm for surface mount PM rotor configuration.

 

Instead of simple PWM, Space Vector PWM controllers are efficient and hence it is preferred.  To reduce switching losses and hysteresis losses, the number of poles needs to selected for Permanent magnet motor.

 

As PMSM or BLAC develops less torque pulsation, it is used in the applications where noise and vibrations need to match with Induction motor. The BLDC can be used where there is not stringent requirement on noise and vibration. PMSM needs field oriented control and start up algorithm so its controller is expensive than BLDC. Depending customer specification BLDC or BLAC can be selected.

 

For induction motor manufacturers, it easy to switch to BLAC or PMSM type motor as stator manufacturing facility can be utilized as it is. BLAC is getting popular for Electric Vehicle application.

 

With reference to Induction Motor, PMSM motor parameters are compared in following charts. Volume and weight of equivalent will be reduced by 20 to 25%.

Figure 7: Volume of IM and PMSM

 

Figure 8: Weight of IM and PMSM

 

Figure 9: Efficiency of IM and PMSM

 

Above comparison is for rating 5hp and above. Following chart shows IM and PMSM efficiency comparison for 5hp and below ratings.

 

Figure 10: Efficiency of IM and PMSM (5HP and below rating)

 

These performance and dimensional parameters are studied and compared from

various motor manufacturers catalogue and brochures. This comparison is

indicative and sets expectations from PM motor. User may get more benefits by using PM motor as indications are based on conservative data. 

 

PMSM technology provides good opportunity to reduce energy

Consumption and get more star ratings developed by BEE for many appliances and applications. The challenges to build permanent magnet rotor is also reducing as many Chinese suppliers are providing sophisticated permanent magnet rotor manufacturing set up. Even though initial cost of PM motor will be high, the pay back period will be less than IM. PM motor can be future back bone for many electromechanical conversion applications.

.

Note from EVHUB.BIZ 

 This article was published in http://www.evhub.biz for sharing the importance of Permanent magnet motors. Permanent magnet motors are being used in various electric vehicles - 2 wheelers, 3 wheelers and heavy vehicles due to the advantages explained in the above article. 

 

 

Introduction To Hybrid Electric Vehicle And Key Challenges

Due to increase in fuel cost and high efficiency demand from market, electric vehicle development is ramped up. Toyota launched its first Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and it is commercially available across the world.  This article focuses on introduction of HEV and some of its design challenges in electrical system perspective. It also covers how simulation technology is going to play important role in the product (HEV) development.

Inverter, battery, converter and motor are the major additional or new components in the vehicle to make if HEV or EV. Here the battery is also referred as additional component as it would battery pack unlikesingle battery in existing conventional vehicle. Refer figure1, the major components and its likely positions are indicated in the vehicle.

Read full article @ http://www.evhub.in/content/introduction-to-hybrid-electric-vehicle-and-key-challenges/

Permanent Magnet Motors Introduction And Trends

Induction motor is preferred choice of manufacturer and customer primarily due its robustness, easy manufacturing, and low maintenance. But is this the most efficient motor? Answer is obviously no. Efficiency is function of losses, so let us revisit the Induction Motor losses as shown in figure1. Now if compare these losses with permanent magnet (PM)motor, we would notice that there is rotor copper loss which is almost 15 to 20% of overall losses.

As these losses goes down the cooling requirement of motor can be     reduced.

Read full article @ http://www.evhub.in/content/permanent-magnet-motors-introduction-and-trends/